The white screen of death: how to diagnose it

A completely blank page means PHP stopped part-way through and had nothing to show. The page source will be empty too. It is almost always a fatal error that is being hidden rather than displayed.

See the actual error

Do not guess. Look for an error_log file in your public_html or in wp-content, or open Errors in cPanel. The fatal error will be there with a file name and a line number, which usually names the plugin or theme responsible outright.

If nothing is being logged, temporarily add this to wp-config.php above the line that says to stop editing:

define( 'WP_DEBUG', true );
define( 'WP_DEBUG_LOG', true );
define( 'WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', false );

Errors then go to wp-content/debug.log. Turn this off again afterwards – leaving it on fills the disk and can expose paths.

The usual causes

  • A plugin or theme update that has just run. This is the most common by far.
  • A PHP version change leaving code that no longer runs. Switch back and the site returns.
  • Exhausted memory, which produces a specific "allowed memory size exhausted" message in the log.
  • An edit to a theme file with a syntax error – a missing bracket or semicolon.

Getting back in

If you cannot reach wp-admin, rename the offending plugin's folder in wp-content/plugins using File Manager. WordPress cannot load a plugin whose folder has vanished, so it deactivates it and the site returns. If you do not know which, rename the whole plugins folder to plugins-off, get in, then rename it back and reactivate one at a time.

For a broken theme, switch to a default theme by renaming its folder the same way.

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